Ann Blanton Edwards School of Nursing and Health Sciences
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Item Avulsion Fractures Involving the Cruciate Ligaments(American Academy of General Practice, 1988-08) Lynch, James M.; Whiteside, James A.; Andrews, James R.The evaluation of a child with an acute knee injury is difficult. The injury may be an avulsion fracture involving either of the cruciate ligaments; a common cause is a cycling accident. The amount of fragment displacement dictates the management. Minimal displacement can be treated with immobilization in flexion. Larger displacement requires internal fixation, which can be accomplished arthroscopically. Rehabilitation must be early and aggressive.Item Effect of Acid-Base Balance on the Growth Hormone Response to Acute High-Intensity Cycle Exercise(American Physiological Society, 1994-02) Gordon, Scott E.; Kraemer, William J.; Vos, Netty H.; Lynch, James M.; Knuttgen, Howard G.To investigate the effect of acid-base balance on serum human growth hormone (hGH) concentration after an acute high-intensity anaerobic exercise bout, 10 untrained but normally active men [age, 24.6 +/- 1.5 (SE) yr] participated in a randomized double-blind counterbalanced experiment. Each subject reported in a fasted state at the same time of day for two experimental sessions separated by 1 wk. For each session, subjects were administered a decaffeinated tea solution containing either 0.3 g NaHCO3/kg body wt [alkalosis (ALK)] or 0.04 g NaCl/kg body wt [control (CTRL)] over a 45-min ingestion period. Venous blood samples were obtained before [baseline (BL)] and 75 min after the ingestion period, as well as postexercise at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min. The exercise task immediately followed the preexercise blood draw and consisted of 90 s of maximal-effort cycle ergometry against an opposing force of 0.49 N (0.05 kg)/kg body wt. There were no differences between the ALK and CTRL conditions in mean or peak power output or total work during the exercise task. Whole blood pH was significantly (P < or = 0.05) elevated in ALK above CTRL at all time points except BL. Postexercise serum hGH concentration significantly increased above BL at 10, 15, 20, and 30 min in CTRL and at 20 and 30 min in ALK. The hGH concentration was significantly lower in ALK than in CTRL at 15, 20, and 30 min postexercise. These data indicate that an increase in blood hydrogen ion concentration may be partly responsible for the hGH response to acute high-intensity anaerobic exercise.Item An In-Depth Sports Medicine Profile of Women College Tennis Players(Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 1995) Kraemer, William J.; Triplett, N. Travis; Fry, Andrew C.; Koziris, L. Perry; Bauer, Jeffrey E.; Lynch, James M.; McConnell, Tim; Newton, Robert U.; Gordon, Scott E.; Nelson, Richard C.; Knuttgen, Howard G.Provides an in-depth sports medicine profile of women college tennis players and determines the relationship among an array of performance and clinical variables. Comprehensive battery of test on 38 non-restrained women.Item The acute effect of a commercial bite-aligning mouthpiece on strength and power in recreationally trained men(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014-02) Allen, Charles R.; Dabbs, Nicole C.; Zachary, Coury S.; Garner, John C.Because of the relative newness of mouthpieces, there are few investigations into using performance mouthpieces during sport and physical activity to substantiate claims of performance enhancement. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of a commercially available, noninjury preventive, performance mouthpiece on practical acute performance measures of power and strength. A within-subjects design was used to evaluate 21 (N = 21) recreationally trained college aged males on the performance of a maximum countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ) from a force platform and 1 repetition maximum (1RM) bench press exercise for the following conditions: with mouthpiece (MP) and without mouthpiece (noMP). Rate of force development (RFD) and peak vertical force (PF) were derived from force platform data. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between conditions for CMVJ height (p = 0.13), RFD at 200 ms (p = 0.09), PF (p = 0.08), and 1RM bench press (p = 0.45). These data indicate that the use of this particular jaw aligning mouthpiece specifically in an attempt to produce an ergogenic effect on performance is unwarranted.Item AquaJogging the brain: An early intervention in concussion management?(Current Research: Concussion, 2015) Lynch, James M.Mild traumatic brain injury has been shown to result in decreased cerebral blood flow. Water-based exercise has recently been shown to increase cerebral blood flow when compared to land-based exercise. It seems reasonable that the initial introduction of water-based exercise may improve the recovery and return to activity of patients who have sustained a concussion.Item Strength and conditioning considerations for collegiate dance(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016-04-01) Williams, Charles C.; Gdovin, Jacob R.; Allen, Charles R.; Wilson, Samuel J.; Cazas-Moreno, Vanessa L.; Ossenheimer, Chas; Garner, John C.Collegiate dance squads perform at sporting events and national dance competitions. Various styles of dance require competitive dancers to have a certain level of fitness to perform these routines. There is limited research investigating the effectiveness of incorporating strength and conditioning protocols on dance performance. The purpose of this article is to provide effective strength and conditioning considerations for competitive NCAA Division I dancers. Considerations are based on dance specificity and physiological adaptations that occur when performing particular styles of dance.Item The individual, social, and environmental correlates of physical activity and screen time in irish children: Growing up in ireland study(Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc., 2016-12) Garcia, Jeanette M.; Healy, Sean; Rice, David J.The aim of this study was to use a social-ecological approach to examine the influence of individual, social, and environmental factors on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and screen-time in a sample of 9-year-old children in Ireland. Methods: The sample was 1509 boys and girls from the Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) national study. MVPA, screen time, and individual, social, and environmental variables were assessed via questionnaires completed by children, their parents, and their teachers. Multiple regression was used to identify factors that correlated with children's MVPA and screen-time levels. Results: For boys, factors such as activity with friends (P < .0001) and popularity (P < .01) were associated with MVPA, while factors such as BMI (P < .01) and MVPA (P < .01) were associated with screen time. Similarly for girls, factors such as activity with friends (P < .0001) and sociability were associated with MVPA, however factors such as BMI (P < .05), and access to play space (P < .05) were more closely associated with screen time. Conclusion: Social factors were more closely associated with MVPA, while individual factors were significantly correlated with screen time for both boys and girls. Correlates differed for boys and girls, suggesting that interventions should consider both the target population as well as the activity behavior. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHORItem Functional Movement Screening and Paddle-Sport Performance.(MDPI, 2017) Hatchett, Andrew; Allen, Charles R.; Hilaire, Jake St.; LaRochelle, AlexThe purpose of the study reported here was to determine the relationship between an endurance paddle-sport athlete’s total functional movement screening (FMS) score and individual race performance. Fifty elite level endurance canoeists and kayakers completed the seven-stage FMS protocol prior to the 2016 United States Canoe and Kayak Association National Championship race. Time taken to finish the race was then associated to overall FMS score and respective sub-scores. Total FMS score and various sub-scores were significantly related to race performance. Female and male athletes differed in which sub-scores were shown to be significantly correlated to finishing time. Outcomes from this study indicate that limitations in functional movement are related to endurance paddle-sport race performance. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHORItem Association of physiological and psychological health outcomes with physical activity and sedentary behavior in adults with type 2 diabetes(British Medical Association, 2017-03) Garcia, Jeanette M; Cox, Daniel; Rice, David J.Abstract Purpose To examine the association between change in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) over a 6-month period with physiological and psychological factors in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods Participants included 26 middle-aged (mean age=56.1±10.8 years; 42% women), overweight/obese (mean body mass index (BMI) =37.22±8.78 kg/m2) adults who had been diagnosed with T2D within the past 5 years (mean HbA1c=7.81%). Participants underwent a physical examination, blood tests, and psychological questionnaires, including a self-report questionnaire that assessed the consumption of high glycemic and low glycemic load foods. Participants wore an Actigraph accelerometer for 7 days to assess MVPA and SB. All measures were collected at baseline and at the 6-month follow-up. Spearman rank correlations and regression models were conducted to examine the relationship between activity variables, and the association of activity measures with health outcomes at the 6-month follow-up. Results Decreases in duration of SB bouts and increases in MVPA were associated with decreased levels of HbA1c (p<0.05). Over 50% of the variance in HbA1c levels could be attributed to changes in MVPA and SB. Conclusions MVPA and SB were independently associated with diabetes-related health outcomes. Results suggest that emphasis should be placed on increasing MVPA while decreasing SB, particularly duration of SB bouts. This suggests that even small changes in daily behavior may contribute to improvement in diabetes-related health outcomes.Item Psychosocial and friend influences on objective sedentary behavior and screen time: A mixed methods analysis(Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc., 2017-03) Garcia, Jeanette M.; Agaronov, Alen; Sirard, John R.; Whaley, Diane; Rice, David J. (Florida Southern College Student); Weltman, ArthurSedentary behavior (SB) increases throughout adolescence, and is associated with adverse health outcomes. Purpose: Examine psychosocial and friend influences on SB and screen time in adolescents using a mixed-methods design. Methods: 108 middle and high school students wore accelerometers to measure objective SB, completed screen time and psychosocial questionnaires, and nominated friends to complete activity questionnaires. Focus groups centered around influences on SB behavior. Regression analyses and NVivo software analyzed quantitative and qualitative data. Results: Screen time was associated with greater screen time enjoyment, lower self-efficacy, and friends' screen time (r² = .21, P < .0001). Friends influenced whether adolescents engaged in screen time behaviors, with active friends encouraging less screen time. Conclusion: Active friends influenced adolescents to engage in less SB. Interventions should place an emphasis on encouraging less screen time, and providing opportunities for adolescents and their friends to engage in activities that promote physical activity rather than SB. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHORItem Functional movement screening and paddle-sport performance(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2017-06) Hatchett, Andrew; Allen, Charles R.; St. Hilaire, Jake; LaRochelle, AlexThe purpose of the study reported here was to determine the relationship between an endurance paddle-sport athlete’s total functional movement screening (FMS) score and individual race performance. Fifty elite level endurance canoeists and kayakers completed the seven-stage FMS protocol prior to the 2016 United States Canoe and Kayak Association National Championship race. Time taken to finish the race was then associated to overall FMS score and respective sub-scores. Total FMS score and various sub-scores were significantly related to race performance. Female and male athletes differed in which sub-scores were shown to be significantly correlated to finishing time. Outcomes from this study indicate that limitations in functional movement are related to endurance paddle-sport race performance.Item Adolescent weight and health behaviors and their associations with individual, social, and parental factors(Human Kinetics, 2018) Baker, Kayla M.; Healy, Sean; Rice, David J.; Garcia, Jeanette M.Background: To examine the associations and differences between gender and weight classification for physical activity (PA) and individual, social, and parental factors. Methods: Data from wave 2 of the "Growing up in Ireland" national study were used, resulting in a sample of 7525 13-year-old adolescents. Information on factors affecting adolescents' social, emotional, cognitive, and physical development was collected. Results: Overweight (OW) adolescents were more likely to exercise and restrict food for weight loss and less likely to perform moderate to vigorous PA than normal weight adolescents. Parent body mass index was associated with adolescent body mass index for OW and normal weight adolescents, with the strongest association seen with OW females. Parents of OW adolescents considered themselves to be more OW and less physically active than parents of normal weight adolescents. Furthermore, for all groups, a greater amount of moderate to vigorous PA was associated with less television viewing, greater PA of parents, and a greater number of friends. Conclusion: Parental health behaviors play a significant role in adolescents' bodyweight, representing the necessity for more constructive health behaviors and PA among parents. Future interventions may be strengthened by focusing specifically on gender and body mass index, while taking into consideration the importance of parental behaviors on adolescents. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHORItem Peer-to-Peer Education of College Females on Sexual Health(Horizon Research Publishing, 2018) Skelly, C.; Hall, Carrie Ann; Risher, C.; Brown, B.Abstract Objective: This study examined the sexual health knowledge of female undergraduate college students before and following a peer to peer, sexual health education intervention. Participants: Sixty-nine students participated in the study. Methods: Undergraduate female students from a central Florida private college completed paper-pencil questionnaires before and after a series of four peer-to-peer sexual health poster sessions. Results: Findings showed female undergraduate students had sexual health knowledge deficits prior to the intervention. Also, participant knowledge significantly increased pre- to post-test (p < 0.001). Conclusions: These results bring to light the continued sexual health knowledge deficits of undergraduate college students. Furthermore, the benefits of a peer-to-peer education programs on college campuses have the potential to increase undergraduate student’s sexual health knowledge. Such programs may help students develop and maintain positive sexual health, including sexual self-efficacy, positive body image, and mutually respectful relationship development.Item Effects of jaw clenching and jaw alignment mouthpiece use on force production during vertical jump and isometric clean pull(Wolters Kluwer, 2018-01) Allen, Charles R.; Fu, Yang-Chieh; Cazas-Moreno, Vanessa L.; Valliant, Melinda W.; Gdovin, Jacob R.; Williams, Charles C.; Garner, John C.This study examined the effects of jaw clenching, a self-adapted, jaw-repositioning mouthpiece on force production during maximum countermovement vertical jump and maximum isometric midthigh clean pull assessments in an attempt to determine any ergogenic effect attributable to clenching, jaw-repositioning mouthpiece use, or the combination of both. Thirty-six male subjects performed vertical jump and isometric clean pull assessments from a force platform under various mouthpiece and clench conditions. A 3 x 2 (mouthpiece x clench) repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted to analyze each of the following force production variables for both assessments: peak force, normalized peak force, and rate of force development. In addition, jump height was analyzed for the vertical jump. Results revealed improvements in peak force (F1,35 = 15.84, p [less than or equal] 0.001, (Equation is included in full-text article.)= 0.31), normalized peak force (F1,35 = 16.28, p [less than or equal] 0.001, (Equation is included in full-text article.)= 0.32), and rate of force development (F1,35 = 12.89, p = 0.001, (Equation is included in full-text article.)= 0.27) during the isometric clean pull assessment when participants maximally clenched their jaw, regardless of mouthpiece condition. There were no statistically significant differences in jump height, peak force, normalized peak force, or rate of force development during the vertical jump for any treatment condition. This study supports previous research demonstrating that the implementation of remote voluntary contractions such as jaw clenching can lead to concurrent activation potentiation and a resulting ergogenic effect during activities involving and requiring high-force production.Item Maximal jaw opening as a method of producing concurrent activation potentiation(Australian International Academic Centre PTY. LTD., 2019) Allen, Charles R.The purpose of this study was to examine maximal jaw opening as a strategy to elicit concurrent activation potentiation during countermovement vertical jump performance and bilateral grip strength assessment in both males and females. Methods: Twenty-four males (age 21.25 ± 1.45 years; height 177.64 ± 7.67 cm; mass 83.87 ± 9.08 kg) and 24 females (age 21.38 ± 2.12 years; height 165.84 ± 8.96 cm; mass 66.4 ± 13.42 kg) participated in this investigation. Maximal countermovement jump height was recorded using a Just Jump Mat, and dominant and non-dominant handgrip strength was recorded using a digital hand dynamometer under two experimental conditions: jaw relaxed and jaw maximally opened. Paired-sample t-tests were conducted for each dependent variable of interest to determine the differences between the research conditions. Results: Maximally opening the jaw led to improvements in vertical jump height (p = 0.013, d = 0.225), dominant hand (p = 0.028, d = 0.162), and non-dominant handgrip strength (p = 0.011, d = 0.241) in males, and although these variables were improved in females under the jaw open condition, that improvement did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study supports maximally opening the jaw as an effective strategy for producing concurrent activation potentiation, particularly in males.Item Implementation Fidelity of a Mindfulness-Based Yoga Program for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Families: a Pilot Study(Springer International Publishing, 2019) Garcia, Jeanette M.; Baker, Kayla; Diaz, Morgan R.; Tucker, Jennifer E.; Kelchner, Viki P.; Rice, David J. (Florida Southern College Student)Families with children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may benefit from mindfulness-based interventions; however, few studies have examined such programs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to demonstrate the implementation fidelity of a mindfulness-based yoga program for children with ASD and their families. Eight children and their families participated in separate, concurrent yoga sessions of identical curriculum. Implementation fidelity was assessed through observations and participant/instructor interviews. The study showed a high degree of implementation fidelity with standardized curriculum instruction, positive responsiveness from participants, and unique aspects of program differentiation. Results indicate that a mindfulness-based yoga program, providing separate sessions for both children and their families, may be especially beneficial to the entire family and enhance family relationships.Item The effects of various weighted implements on baseball swing kinematics in collegiate baseball players(Wolters Kluwer, 2019) Williams, Charles C.; Gdovin, Jacob R.; Wilson, Samuel J.; Cazas-Moreno, Vanessa L.; Eason, John D.; Hoke, Elizabeth L.; Allen, Charles R.; Wade, Chip; Garner, John C.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different warm-up (WU) devices on bat swing parameters including maximal resultant velocity (MRV), resultant velocity at ball contact (RVBC), time difference between MRV and RVBC, bat angle at MRV, bat angle at RVBC, and perceptual differences of each WU implement used by National Collegiate Athletic Association Division-I baseball players. Fifteen varsity baseball players completed 1 experimental session during fall training. Retroreflective markers were placed on the bat and tee to measure basic bat kinematics during the swing. Participants completed a general calisthenics WU before being counter-balanced into 1 of 4 WU conditions: Standard bat (SB) (33 in/30 oz), fungo (10.6 oz), weighted gloves with SB (weighted gloves) (55.6 oz) and donut with SB (donut) (55.6 oz). Each participant was asked to perform their normal on-deck routine over a 2-minute period, finishing with 5 practice swings with the designated condition. After completion of the WU, a 1-minute rest period (simulating normal game conditions) was given to allow each participant to get set to perform 5 maximal swings with a SB. Five, 1 × 4 (group × condition) repeated measures analysis of variance examined the aforementioned variables. There were no significant differences in MRV, RVBC, time difference between MRV and RVBC, and bat angle at MRV and RVBC between all WU conditions. If presented with the current options, athletes should choose the WU implement with which they are most comfortable using before an at-bat situation.Item Exploring Nonoperative Exercise Interventions for Individuals with Femoroacetabular Impingement(American College of Sports Medicine, 2019-01) Terrell, Sara Lynn; Lynch, James M.APPLY IT!Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is characterized by pathologic contact during hip range of motion, with aggravating movements most noted in hip flexion, adduction, and internal rotation. Hip impingement diagnoses and surgeries are becoming an increasingly prevalent concern with todayʼs athletes and general population. Exploration of nonoperative exercise interventions is warranted. Exercise professionals can safely improve postural alignment, core stabilization, gluteal activation, and range of motion in individuals with FAI.Morphological correction and prevention of hip osteoarthritis are often primary reasons to support arthroscopy for individuals with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). However, exploration of nonsurgical approaches such as exercise intervention focused on postural alignment, core stabilization, and gluteal activation may improve motor control and hip stabilization strength and provide a nonoperative alternative to surgery.Item The Influence of Friends and Psychosocial Factors on Physical Activity and Screen Time in Normal and Overweight Adolescents: A Mixed-Methods Analysis.(Sage Publications, 2019-01) Garcia, Jeanette M; Sirard, John R.; Whaley, Diane E.; Rice, David J.; Baker, Kayla; Weltman, ArthurUnderstanding factors that influence physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior is crucial to develop interventions to improve adolescents' health-related behaviors.Purpose: To compare the influence of friends and psychosocial factors on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and screen time (ST) between normal weight (NW) and overweight (OW) adolescents.Methods: In all, 21 OW and 21 NW adolescents wore accelerometers and completed questionnaires assessing MVPA, ST, and psychosocial variables. The MVPA and ST were assessed in nominated friends. Adolescents participated in focus groups assessing influence on activity behaviors.Results: There were no differences in MVPA; however, NW adolescents reported less ST than OW adolescents (8.9 vs 13.1 h/wk, P = .04). For OW adolescents, friends' ST ( P = .002) and psychosocial factors ( P = .05) were associated with ST, while only PA self-efficacy was associated with MVPA. For NW adolescents, only friends' MVPA ( P = .04) was associated with self-reported PA. Exploratory analyses revealed differences among weight status and gender. Focus group discussions revealed that friends influenced both OW and NW adolescents' MVPA; however, this appeared to be more apparent for NW males, while psychosocial factors played a role in both OW and NW females. The OW adolescents reported that friends were more of an influence on their ST levels, while NW adolescents indicated that their ST was not affected by their friends' behaviors.Conclusions: Interventions to increase MVPA and/or decrease ST may need to be tailored for NW and OW adolescents. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHORItem The Effects of Various Weighted Implements on Baseball Swing Kinematics in Collegiate Baseball Players(National Strength & Conditioning Association, 2019-05) Williams, Charles C.; Gdovin, Jacob R.; Wilson, Samuel J.; Cazas-Moreno, Vanessa L.; Eason, John D.; Hoke, Elizabeth L.; Allen, Charles R.; Wade, Chip; Garner, John C.The effects of various weighted implements on baseball swing kinematics in collegiate baseball players. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1347-1353, 2019-The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different warm-up (WU) devices on bat swing parameters including maximal resultant velocity (MRV), resultant velocity at ball contact (RVBC), time difference between MRV and RVBC, bat angle at MRV, bat angle at RVBC, and perceptual differences of each WU implement used by National Collegiate Athletic Association Division-I baseball players. Fifteen varsity baseball players completed 1 experimental session during fall training. Retroreflective markers were placed on the bat and tee to measure basic bat kinematics during the swing. Participants completed a general calisthenics WU before being counter-balanced into 1 of 4 WU conditions: standard bat (SB) (33 in/30 oz), fungo (10.6 oz), weighted gloves with SB (weighted gloves) (55.6 oz) and donut with SB (donut) (55.6 oz). Each participant was asked to perform their normal on-deck routine over a 2- minute period, finishing with 5 practice swings with the designated condition. After completion of the WU, a 1 -minute rest period (simulating normal game conditions) was given to allow each participant to get set to perform 5 maximal swings with a SB. Five, 1 X 4 (group X condition) repeated measures analysis of variance examined the aforementioned variables. There were no significant differences in MRV, RVBC, time difference between MRV and RVBC, and bat angle at MRV and RVBC between all WU conditions. If presented with the current options, athletes should choose the WU implement with which they are most comfortable using before an at-bat situation. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR