Barney Barnett School of Business and Free Enterprise

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The mission of the Barney Barnett School of Business and Free Enterprise is to provide a high quality, student-oriented business educational experience to baccalaureate and master’s level students, with a focus on teaching excellence, supported by scholarship and service.

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A configurational perspective of boards' attention structures
(Corporate Governance: An International Review, 2022-11) Schiehll, Eduardo; Lewellyn, Krista B.; Yan, Wenxi
Research Question/Issue Research Findings/Insights Theoretical/Academic Implications Practitioner/Policy Implications What combinations of board attributes and contextual factors explain boards' selective distribution of attention between their dual role of resource provisioning and monitoring? At the board level, we consider board structure and breadth of knowledge, while the context in which boards operate is captured by the degree of external scrutiny, operational complexity, performance, and ownership structure.Our study demonstrates that there are multiple ways board attributes bundle and combine with important elements of the context to promote similar board attention structures. Our findings provide evidence of the causal complexity underlying this phenomenon and corroborate the notions of equifinality and asymmetric causality among board‐, firm‐, and institution‐level conditions conducive to boards allocating more attention to either their resource provisioning or monitoring roles.Our findings support the attention‐based view (ABV), suggesting that boards' selective distribution of attention is regulated by the combination of skills and knowledge directors bring to the firm and the stimuli provided by contextual factors. In doing so, we underscore the need for an extended theory on board effectiveness, as resource dependence‐ and agency‐based prescriptions about boards' behavior may be incomplete, since there is limited consideration by these theories of the bounded rationality of directors and the complex relationships between the factors that can frame boards' selective distribution of attention.Our study informs efforts to disentangle the conditions under which different attributes combine and regulate boards' distribution of attention, which has implications for nomination committees and powerful actors who have influence on board appointments. Because our results reveal several causal paths that can promote similar board attention structures, decision makers may wish to recruit directors with specific attributes that will be the best fit for the firm's contextual conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Corporate Governance: An International Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy: An exploration of business travelers' attendance at live, ticketed entertainment events
(Ingenta Connect, 2012) Bernthal, Matthew J.; Nagel, Mark; Harrill, Rich; Riner, Paul
This study explores the factors that influence business travelers' attendance at ticketed live entertainment events while traveling on business. Many ticketed live entertainment events (e.g., concerts, sport events) are held in metropolitan areas that are ripe with large numbers of business travelers who can be considered a market segment for event promoters. The current study surveyed business travelers in order to gain initial insight into what does and does not motivate them to attend such events. Results provide practical benefit to marketers of ticketed live entertainment events by helping them better understand business travelers as potential customers.
Another look at frontline employee productivity propensity: a job demands – resources approach.
(Taylor & Francis, 2020) Harris, Eric G.
The current work contributes to the front line employee (FLE) performance literature by utilizing a Job Demands-Resources perspective to delineate the effect of productivity propensity on job stressors, work engagement, and job outcomes while including the effects of a job resource, supervisor support, and a moderating condition of job demands, customer workload. The results support several hypotheses and reveal that the effects of the construct on role perceptions are moderated by customer workload and that it affects job performance. The holistic nature of the full JD/R approach allows for stronger statements to be made regarding the contribution of the construct to the FLE performance literature.
Asset management in public DB and non-DB Pension Plans.
(Cambridge University Press, 2016-10) Farrell, James; Shoag, Daniel
State and local pension plans are increasingly moving from the traditional defined benefit (DB) model to non-DB models that generally allow for participant-directed investment. This shift has important implications for the management of the more than US$3 trillion in assets held to finance public employee retirement benefits. To investigate these implications, we introduce new data from a nationwide survey of public DB and non-DB plans and a unique data set on thousands of individual investors in the state of Florida's defined contribution (DC) plan. Using these sources, we explore how participant involvement in the public sector affects the distribution of asset class allocations, management fees, investment outcomes, and portfolio rebalancing at both the individual and aggregate levels. We found that there is little difference between the DB and non-DB plans in terms of asset mix, returns, and fees, except that DB plan have greater access and allocations to alternative investments. We also found that while the average individual DC plan participant allocated their asset similarly to the DB plan, black females and older white males, on average, invested on opposite tails of the risk spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Pension Economics & Finance is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Barriers to managing environmental sustainability in public assembly venues
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2020) Ross, Walker J.; Mercado, Haylee Uecker
Many sport and entertainment venues are still not major adopters of environmental social responsibility (ESR) despite evidence to suggest their benefit. This qualitative study investigated the major barriers that still prevent ESR adoption in public assembly venues (PAVs) used by sport and entertainment organizations. Using resource-based view (RBV) as a framework for analysis, PAV managers of stadiums, arenas, and performing arts centers were interviewed to collect data. Findings suggest a lack of resources to devote to ESR which displays an overall lack of priority given to ESR adoption and knowledge of ESR by PAV managers. If ESR was considered to offer competitive advantage, it would be given more priority, PAV managers would emphasize more training, and it would therefore receive more resource attention.
Boundary distributions with respect to Chebyshev's inequality
(Science Publications, 2010) Bias, Peter V.; Hedman, Shawn; Rose, David
Variables whose distributions achieve the boundary value of Chebyshev's inequality are characterized and it is found that non-constant variables with this property are symmetric discrete with at most three values. Nevertheless, the bound of Chebyshev's inequality remains optimal for the class of continuous variables.
Boundary distributions with respect to Chebyshev's inequality
(Science Publications, 2010) Bias, Peter; Hedman, Shawn; Rose, David
Variables whose distributions achieve the boundary value of Chebyshev’s inequality are characterized and it is found that non-constant variables with this property are symmetric discrete with at most three values. Nevertheless, the bound of Chebyshev’s inequality remains optimal for the class of continuous variables.
Children’s game-day experiences and effects of community groups
(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2018-05-18) Reifurth, Katherine Rose Nakamoto; Bernthal, Matthew J.; Heere, Bob
Sport management research that examines children as a distinct group of sport consumers is sparse, and therefore the authors know relatively little about how and why children become fans of sport teams. The purpose of this paper is to explore the game-day experiences of children in order to better understand how these experiences allow children to socialize into the team community and become fans of the team.
Children’s game-day experiences and effects of community groups
(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2018-05-18) Reifurth, Katherine Rose Nakamoto; Bernthal, Matthew J.; Heere, Bob
Purpose Sport management research that examines children as a distinct group of sport consumers is sparse, and therefore the authors know relatively little about how and why children become fans of sport teams. The purpose of this paper is to explore the game-day experiences of children in order to better understand how these experiences allow children to socialize into the team community and become fans of the team. Design/methodology/approach The authors examine this through exploratory observational analysis and 26 semi-structured interviews with children at professional sporting events. Findings Among the results, it was found that children primarily focus on exploring ways to build membership in the fan community as opposed to initially building connections to the team itself. In addition, those children that watched the games with their peers demonstrated greater in-game emotional responses than those children that viewed the game with family. Research limitations/implications This study provides support for the importance of community membership in the initial stages of sport team fandom as well as the varying effects of different groups within fan communities on child fans. However, further research is needed to increase the generalizability of the results. Practical implications It is recommended that sport teams increasingly target groups that will bring children to games with their peers in order to enhance their game experience and increase their socialization into fandom. Originality/value This paper is one of the first in sport management to directly look to better understand children and the ways in which they become fans of sports teams.
A Configurational Exploration of How Female and Male CEOs Influence Their Compensation.
(Sage Publications Inc., 2022-09) Lewellyn, Krista B.; Muller-Kahle, Maureen I.
The issues of excessive CEO compensation and gender pay gaps garner much attention from management scholars and the general public. In this study, we integrate these topics and explore the complex interdependent nature of how CEOs influence directors' evaluative perceptions about appropriate levels of CEO compensation and whether female and male CEOs do so in different ways. Drawing from role congruity theory and previous research on executive compensation, we use a configurational approach to identify how CEOs achieve high levels of compensation through different combinations of influence arising from their power, origin, tenure, similarities with evaluators, and organizational conditions. Using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis with a matched pair sample of female and male CEOs from 2010 to 2016, we find there are multiple configurations of influence conditions by which female and male CEOs achieve high compensation. Our inductive analysis, unpacking how these configurations differ between female and male CEOs, shows four distinct influence mechanisms: leveraging power and role empathy, trailblazer responsibility, leveraging power and similarity, and leveraging role empathy. These mechanisms highlight the ways influence conditions complement or mutually reinforce one another in different ways for female and male CEOs. Implications for theory and research about the unique challenges female executives face in achieving equitable treatment in the workplace are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Management is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
The Corporate Board Glass Ceiling: The Role of Empowerment and Culture in Shaping Board Gender Diversity
(Springer Nature B.V., 2020-08) Lewellyn, Krista B.; Muller-Kahle, Maureen I.
In this study, we use a mixed-methods research design to investigate how national cultural forces may impede or enhance the positive impact of females' economic and political empowerment on increasing gender diversity of corporate boards. Using both a longitudinal correlation-based methodology and a configurational approach with fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, we integrate theoretical mechanisms from gender schema and institutional theories to develop a midrange theory about how female empowerment and national culture shape gender diversity on corporate boards around the world. With our configurational approach, we conceptually and empirically model the complexity that is associated with the simultaneous interdependencies, both complementary and substitutive ones, between female empowerment processes and various cultural dimensions. Our findings contribute unique insights to research focused on board gender diversity as well as provide information for firm decision makers and policymakers about possible solutions for addressing the continuing issue of the underrepresentation of women on corporate boards.
Corporate governance in immigrant-founded entrepreneurial firms: ownership heterogeneity and firm performance
(Venture Capital, 2023-02) Moghaddam, Kaveh; Judge, William Q.; Lewellyn, Krista B.; Askarzadeh, Fatemeh
Drawing from resource dependence theory and the faultlines perspective, this study examines how ownership heterogeneity affects firm performance in the understudied context of entrepreneurial firms founded by immigrants. We find that investment by venture capitalists (VCs) is associated with immigrant-founded entrepreneurial firms being less profitable during their infancy stage. Our results also reveal that the presence of a native-born co-owner has a negative effect on performance for these entrepreneurial firms. This study suggests that immigrant entrepreneurs be more cautious about the costs and benefits of seeking resources from VCs and partnering with native co-owners. Further, seeking capital from alternative sources and employing native talent and expertise in terms of business advisers or executive managers may be effective alternative approaches for immigrant entrepreneurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Venture Capital is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Credit cards as lifestyle facilitators
(Oxford University Press, 2005-06) Bernthal, Matthew J.; Crockett, David; Rose, Randall L.
Credit cards are an increasingly essential technology, but they carry with them the paradoxical capacity to propel consumers along lifestyle trajectories of marketplace freedom or constraint. We analyze accounts provided by consumers, credit counselors, and participants in a credit counseling seminar in order to develop a differentiated theory of lifestyle facilitation through credit card practice. The skills and tastes expressed by credit card practice help distinguish between the lifestyles of those with higher cultural capital relative to those with lower cultural capital. Differences in lifestyle regulation practice are posited to originate in cultural discourses related to entitlement and frugality.
Digital technology and sport ecology
(The Routledge Handbook of Digital Sport Management, 2022-12-01) Orr, Maddy; Ross, Walker J.
All human activities are dependent to some extent on the natural environment and the resources that it provides. At the most basic level, the natural environment provides the raw materials needed to build and maintain all sport spaces (e.g., land, grass, metals use in equipment, plants for making shirts). It also provides clean air and fresh water, which are necessary for safe physical activity. As the use of digital technologies expands into every aspect of modern life, questions arise regarding whether and how digital technologies impact athletes’ and fans’ relationships with nature. The literature examining this intersection is scant, but we’ve identified a few specific applications of digital sport innovation that are changing the way sports are managed and played. These include weather and disaster monitoring, air quality monitoring, digital technologies for facility management, and digital technologies to improve the user's (athlete) experience in natural environments. We discuss each area in this chapter and conclude with a brief discussion on the potential and the unknowns in this space, and a word of caution for fast-tech-development that may run counter to healthy human-environment relationships in the sport context.
Does board independence influence financial performance in IPO firms? The moderating role of the national business system
(Elsevier Inc, 2017-09) Zattoni, Alessandro; Witt, Michael A.; Judge, William Q.; Talaulicar, Till; Chen, Jean Jinghan; Lewellyn, Krista B.; Hu, Helen Wei; Gabrielsson, Jonas; Rivas, Jose Luis; Puffer, Sheila; Shukla, Dhirendra; Lopez, Felix; Adegbite, Emmanuel; Fassin, Yves; Fainshmidt, Stav; van Ees, Hans
Prior evidence suggests that board independence may enhance financial performance, but this relationship has been tested almost exclusively for Anglo-American countries. To explore the boundary conditions of this prominent governance mechanism, we examine the impact of the formal and information institutions of 18 national business systems on the board independence-financial performance relationship. Our results show that while the direct effect of independence is weak, national-level institutions significantly moderate the independence-performance relationship. Our findings suggest that the efficacy of board structures is likely to be contingent on the specific national context, but the type of legal system is insignificant.
Does Empathy Matter? An Exploratory Study of Class-Transition Satisfaction in Unplanned Course Interruptions
(Sage Publications Inc., 2022-02) Munoz, Laura; Fergurson, J. Ricky; Harris, Eric G.; Fleming, David
The sudden transition to online course delivery necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant service interruption in the academic lives of college students. Some challenges posed were immediately present such as to how to deliver course material and handle student concerns about classes and life in a new, unexpected, and abrupt “normal.” One aspect that arguably can generate a much-improved recovery is the pivotal role that a professor’s empathy can provide. This study captures the role of empathy regarding professorial behaviors directly related to the course, those not directly tied to the class, and how they all merge to influence student perceptions of the course. Student’s level of perceived stressors related to their life and ultimately their stress level are impacted as well. Findings show empathy plays a key role in positively impacting student satisfaction and well-being while reducing students’ sources of concerns such as household conflict, lack of Wi-Fi reliability, lack of access to a constant computer, and financial and food insecurity.
Does Empathy Matter? An Exploratory Study of Class-Transition Satisfaction in Unplanned Course Interruptions.
(2022-08) Munoz, Laura; Fergurson, J. Ricky; Harris, Eric G.; Fleming, David
The sudden transition to online course delivery necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant service interruption in the academic lives of college students. Some challenges posed were immediately present such as to how to deliver course material and handle student concerns about classes and life in a new, unexpected, and abrupt "normal." One aspect that arguably can generate a much-improved recovery is the pivotal role that a professor's empathy can provide. This study captures the role of empathy regarding professorial behaviors directly related to the course, those not directly tied to the class, and how they all merge to influence student perceptions of the course. Student's level of perceived stressors related to their life and ultimately their stress level are impacted as well. Findings show empathy plays a key role in positively impacting student satisfaction and well-being while reducing students' sources of concerns such as household conflict, lack of Wi-Fi reliability, lack of access to a constant computer, and financial and food insecurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Marketing Education is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
The effect of female board representation on the level of ownership in foreign acquisitions
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2022-02) Askarzadeh, Fatemeh; Lewellyn, Krista B.; Islam, Habib; Moghaddam, Kaveh
Research Question/Issue, Research Findings/Insights, Theoretical/Academic Implications, Practitioner/Policy Implications: How female representation on corporate boards affects firm outcomes that have significant implications for stakeholders is a major corporate governance issue in the 21st century. We examine the effect of female director representation on acquirers' boards on the level of ownership in foreign acquisitions. We further test how the relationship is moderated by institutional distance, that is, the dissimilarities between host and home countries' institutional environments.Using a sample of 1118 firm‐year observations in 48 countries from 1997 to 2016, we find that greater female representation on acquiring firms' boards is associated with lower levels of ownership in foreign acquisitions. In addition, we find that only firms with a critical mass of 30% or more women on the board prefer low ownership. We also find that institutional distance, measured as the Mahalanobis distance between countries based on the extracted factor of the regulative institutional profile for each country, magnifies the relationship.Using the information economics perspective, we decompose acquisition risks into ex ante and ex post hazards. Then by integrating this perspective with gender role theory, we challenge the assumption of unidimensional risk attitudes of female directors. Thus, we contribute to the debate about how female directors affect firms' strategic choices. Further, our findings provide unique insights to international corporate governance research that focuses on how female representation on boards affects firm‐level outcomes. In addition, our finding that institutional difference moderates the effect of female directors highlights that institutional context should be considered for understanding boards' strategic roles.Board nominating committees should match a firm's board composition to the desired acquisition strategy with respect to the types of risk they wish to undertake. The study also highlights the dilemma that female directors may face in balancing their managerial and gender roles and may assist firms in better addressing these concerns.
Exploring Partnerships in Sport Event Delivery.
(Event Management of Cognizant Communication Corporation, 2021-09-01) Zhou, Ran; Ross, Walker J.; Pu, Haozhoua; Kim, Changwook; Kim, Jeeyoon; Kaplanidou, Kyriaki; Leopkey, Rebecca
In order to provide high-quality sport events and cultivate economic, social, and environmental benefits in the local community, regional sport commissions in the US form partnerships with organizations across sectors. Building on Parent and Harvey's partnership framework, this study seeks to reveal the components and processes of the collaboration between sport commissions and their partners in the delivery of sport events and subsequent outcomes. Using purposive and convenient sampling, data were collected from 12 in-depth interviews with leaders in sport commissions and partnering organizations based on their accessibility and familiarity with the research topic. The study identifies five main areas and multiple subcomponents of event-based partnerships, providing empirical evidence for Parent and Harvey's partnership model. The findings advance this model by specifying the outcomes, challenges, and positive conditions for event-based partnerships and showing interactions between partnership components. More importantly, the findings contribute to a greater understanding of the partnership complexities and dynamics in the sport event-specific context and provide practical insights for sport commissions and other sport event organizers to strategically manage and maintain sport event-based partnerships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Exploring Transparency: a New Framework for Responsible Business Management
(2016-01) Parris, Denise Linda; Dapko, Jennifer L.; Arnold, Richard Wade; Arnold, Danny
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to critically review the relevant literature on transparency, provide a comprehensive definition of transparency, and present a new framework for facilitating the adoption of transparency as an ethical cornerstone and pragmatic strategy for organizational responsible business management. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic literature review—a methodology adopted from medical sciences to eliminate research bias—was conducted. In doing so, the definitions, antecedents, and consequences of transparency are accessed and synthesized. Findings: Based upon this process transparency is defined as the extent to which a stakeholder perceives an organization provides learning opportunities about itself. A conceptual framework emerged from the data. It describes when transparency is especially important, what organizations can do to be more transparent, and the potential benefits of transparency. Practical implications: The transparency framework can be used as a guide for organizations attempting to change their behavior, image, and performance by adopting transparency as a value in their organization. In addition, the framework can be used to create and adopt a universal (i.e. industry-wide or even societal-wide) code of conduct. Furthermore, this review, definition, and framework provide a template for academics to advance transparency theory, and empirically test the construct’s application. Originality/value: As a new research field, transparency has lacked a concise definition as well as a conceptual framework. This is the first comprehensive summary of transparency. In addition, this study contributes to the methodology of evaluating construct definitions to advance empirical research.

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