Ann Blanton Edwards School of Nursing and Health Sciences
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Item Metadata only The acute effect of a commercial bite-aligning mouthpiece on strength and power in recreationally trained men(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014-02) Allen, Charles R.; Dabbs, Nicole C.; Zachary, Coury S.; Garner, John C.Because of the relative newness of mouthpieces, there are few investigations into using performance mouthpieces during sport and physical activity to substantiate claims of performance enhancement. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of a commercially available, noninjury preventive, performance mouthpiece on practical acute performance measures of power and strength. A within-subjects design was used to evaluate 21 (N = 21) recreationally trained college aged males on the performance of a maximum countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ) from a force platform and 1 repetition maximum (1RM) bench press exercise for the following conditions: with mouthpiece (MP) and without mouthpiece (noMP). Rate of force development (RFD) and peak vertical force (PF) were derived from force platform data. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between conditions for CMVJ height (p = 0.13), RFD at 200 ms (p = 0.09), PF (p = 0.08), and 1RM bench press (p = 0.45). These data indicate that the use of this particular jaw aligning mouthpiece specifically in an attempt to produce an ergogenic effect on performance is unwarranted.Item Metadata only Adolescent weight and health behaviors and their associations with individual, social, and parental factors(Human Kinetics, 2018) Baker, Kayla M.; Healy, Sean; Rice, David J.; Garcia, Jeanette M.Background: To examine the associations and differences between gender and weight classification for physical activity (PA) and individual, social, and parental factors. Methods: Data from wave 2 of the "Growing up in Ireland" national study were used, resulting in a sample of 7525 13-year-old adolescents. Information on factors affecting adolescents' social, emotional, cognitive, and physical development was collected. Results: Overweight (OW) adolescents were more likely to exercise and restrict food for weight loss and less likely to perform moderate to vigorous PA than normal weight adolescents. Parent body mass index was associated with adolescent body mass index for OW and normal weight adolescents, with the strongest association seen with OW females. Parents of OW adolescents considered themselves to be more OW and less physically active than parents of normal weight adolescents. Furthermore, for all groups, a greater amount of moderate to vigorous PA was associated with less television viewing, greater PA of parents, and a greater number of friends. Conclusion: Parental health behaviors play a significant role in adolescents' bodyweight, representing the necessity for more constructive health behaviors and PA among parents. Future interventions may be strengthened by focusing specifically on gender and body mass index, while taking into consideration the importance of parental behaviors on adolescents. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHORItem Open Access AquaJogging the brain: An early intervention in concussion management?(Current Research: Concussion, 2015) Lynch, James M.Mild traumatic brain injury has been shown to result in decreased cerebral blood flow. Water-based exercise has recently been shown to increase cerebral blood flow when compared to land-based exercise. It seems reasonable that the initial introduction of water-based exercise may improve the recovery and return to activity of patients who have sustained a concussion.Item Open Access Association of physiological and psychological health outcomes with physical activity and sedentary behavior in adults with type 2 diabetes(British Medical Association, 2017-03) Garcia, Jeanette M; Cox, Daniel; Rice, David J.Abstract Purpose To examine the association between change in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) over a 6-month period with physiological and psychological factors in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods Participants included 26 middle-aged (mean age=56.1±10.8 years; 42% women), overweight/obese (mean body mass index (BMI) =37.22±8.78 kg/m2) adults who had been diagnosed with T2D within the past 5 years (mean HbA1c=7.81%). Participants underwent a physical examination, blood tests, and psychological questionnaires, including a self-report questionnaire that assessed the consumption of high glycemic and low glycemic load foods. Participants wore an Actigraph accelerometer for 7 days to assess MVPA and SB. All measures were collected at baseline and at the 6-month follow-up. Spearman rank correlations and regression models were conducted to examine the relationship between activity variables, and the association of activity measures with health outcomes at the 6-month follow-up. Results Decreases in duration of SB bouts and increases in MVPA were associated with decreased levels of HbA1c (p<0.05). Over 50% of the variance in HbA1c levels could be attributed to changes in MVPA and SB. Conclusions MVPA and SB were independently associated with diabetes-related health outcomes. Results suggest that emphasis should be placed on increasing MVPA while decreasing SB, particularly duration of SB bouts. This suggests that even small changes in daily behavior may contribute to improvement in diabetes-related health outcomes.Item Metadata only Avulsion Fractures Involving the Cruciate Ligaments(American Academy of General Practice, 1988-08) Lynch, James M.; Whiteside, James A.; Andrews, James R.The evaluation of a child with an acute knee injury is difficult. The injury may be an avulsion fracture involving either of the cruciate ligaments; a common cause is a cycling accident. The amount of fragment displacement dictates the management. Minimal displacement can be treated with immobilization in flexion. Larger displacement requires internal fixation, which can be accomplished arthroscopically. Rehabilitation must be early and aggressive.Item Open Access Bumbled vibration: 144 HZ vibration does not enhance shoulder control(International Olympic Committee World Conference on Prevention of Injury & Illness in Sport, 2021-11) Winton, Amber (Florida Southern College Student); Andriani, Nicholas (Florida Southern College Student); Marshall, Erica M. (Florida Southern College Student); Lynch, James M.Stability of the upper extremity is critical for injury prevention. Vibration may improve proprioception, reducing injury risk. However, traditional vibration methods may be expensive and require a significant level of skill by the technician. Our purpose was to investigate whether an acute bout of shoulder exercise performed with an inexpensive, user-friendly vibration toy ball (BumbleBall, Cardinal Laboratories) improves shoulder position sense and joint control. Design Participants completed an acute bout of shoulder exercise with and without vibration on separate visits.Item Metadata only Cardiac Autonomic Function Following Bilateral and Unilateral Upper Body Acute Resistance Exercise(Pub Med, 2022-05-17) Marshall, Erica M.; Parks, Jason C.; Erb, Emily K.; Humm, Stacie M.; Kingsley, J. DerekThe purpose of this study was to compare cardiac autonomic responses following bilateral and unilateral upper-body (UB) acute resistance exercise (ARE). In total, 14 individuals were assessed for markers of cardiac autonomic responses via heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) at rest and at 10- and 30-min following ARE. Logarithmically transformed (ln) HRV measures included: total power (ln TP), high-frequency power (ln HF power), low-frequency power (ln LF power), sympathovagal balance (ln LF: HF), and the square root of the mean squared differences of successive R-R intervals (ln RMSSD). BRS was assessed using the sequence method. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs were used to analyze effects of UB ARE (bilateral, unilateral) across time (Rest, 10, and 30 min). There were no significant ( p > 0.05) interactions. However, there were significant ( p ≤ 0.05) main effects of time such that ln TP, ln HF power, ln RMSSD, and BRS decreased and did not recover within 30 min compared to Rest for both conditions. Collectively, this study suggests that bilateral and unilateral UB ARE yielded similar reductions, for at least 30 min, in respect to vagal measures of HRV and BRS.Item Metadata only Effect of Acid-Base Balance on the Growth Hormone Response to Acute High-Intensity Cycle Exercise(American Physiological Society, 1994-02) Gordon, Scott E.; Kraemer, William J.; Vos, Netty H.; Lynch, James M.; Knuttgen, Howard G.To investigate the effect of acid-base balance on serum human growth hormone (hGH) concentration after an acute high-intensity anaerobic exercise bout, 10 untrained but normally active men [age, 24.6 +/- 1.5 (SE) yr] participated in a randomized double-blind counterbalanced experiment. Each subject reported in a fasted state at the same time of day for two experimental sessions separated by 1 wk. For each session, subjects were administered a decaffeinated tea solution containing either 0.3 g NaHCO3/kg body wt [alkalosis (ALK)] or 0.04 g NaCl/kg body wt [control (CTRL)] over a 45-min ingestion period. Venous blood samples were obtained before [baseline (BL)] and 75 min after the ingestion period, as well as postexercise at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min. The exercise task immediately followed the preexercise blood draw and consisted of 90 s of maximal-effort cycle ergometry against an opposing force of 0.49 N (0.05 kg)/kg body wt. There were no differences between the ALK and CTRL conditions in mean or peak power output or total work during the exercise task. Whole blood pH was significantly (P < or = 0.05) elevated in ALK above CTRL at all time points except BL. Postexercise serum hGH concentration significantly increased above BL at 10, 15, 20, and 30 min in CTRL and at 20 and 30 min in ALK. The hGH concentration was significantly lower in ALK than in CTRL at 15, 20, and 30 min postexercise. These data indicate that an increase in blood hydrogen ion concentration may be partly responsible for the hGH response to acute high-intensity anaerobic exercise.Item Metadata only Effects of a Cool-Down after Supramaximal Interval Exercise on Autonomic Modulation(MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland, 2022-04-29) Parks, Jason C.; Marshall, Erica M.; Humm, Stacie M.; Erb, Emily K.; Kingsley, J. DerekSupramaximal interval exercise alters measures of autonomic modulation, while a cool-down may speed the recovery of vagal modulation. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a cool-down (pedaling a cycle ergometer at 50 rpm against a resistance of 45 W) versus passive recovery (no pedaling) after supramaximal interval exercise on autonomic modulation. Sixteen moderately active individuals (Mean ± SD: 23 ± 3 years (men: n = 10; women: n = 6) were assessed for autonomic modulation at Rest, and 15 (R15), 30 (R30), 45 (R45) and 60 (R60) min following supramaximal interval exercise. Linear measures of autonomic modulation included natural log (ln) total power (lnTP), high-frequency power (lnHF), the ratio of low frequency (LF) to HF ln(LF/HF) ratio, root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats (lnRMSSD), while non-linear measures included sample entropy (SampEn) and Lempel-Ziv entropy (LZEn). Two-way repeated ANOVAs were used to evaluate the main effects of condition (cool-down, passive recovery) across time (Rest, and R15, R30, R45 and R60). There were significant ( p ≤ 0.05) condition by time interactions for SampEn and LZEn, such that they decreased at 15, 30, 45 and 60 min during passive recovery compared to Rest, with the recovery of SampEn and LZEn by 60 and 45 min, respectively, during cool-down. There were significant ( p ≤ 0.05) main effects of time for lnTP, lnHF and lnRMSSD, such that lnTP, lnHF and lnRMSSD were attenuated, and lnLF/HF ratio was augmented, at all recovery times compared to Rest. These data demonstrate that a cool-down increases the recovery of nonlinear measures of vagal modulation within 45-60 min after supramaximal interval exercise, compared to passive recovery in moderately active individuals.Item Metadata only Effects of jaw clenching and jaw alignment mouthpiece use on force production during vertical jump and isometric clean pull(Wolters Kluwer, 2018-01) Allen, Charles R.; Fu, Yang-Chieh; Cazas-Moreno, Vanessa L.; Valliant, Melinda W.; Gdovin, Jacob R.; Williams, Charles C.; Garner, John C.This study examined the effects of jaw clenching, a self-adapted, jaw-repositioning mouthpiece on force production during maximum countermovement vertical jump and maximum isometric midthigh clean pull assessments in an attempt to determine any ergogenic effect attributable to clenching, jaw-repositioning mouthpiece use, or the combination of both. Thirty-six male subjects performed vertical jump and isometric clean pull assessments from a force platform under various mouthpiece and clench conditions. A 3 x 2 (mouthpiece x clench) repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted to analyze each of the following force production variables for both assessments: peak force, normalized peak force, and rate of force development. In addition, jump height was analyzed for the vertical jump. Results revealed improvements in peak force (F1,35 = 15.84, p [less than or equal] 0.001, (Equation is included in full-text article.)= 0.31), normalized peak force (F1,35 = 16.28, p [less than or equal] 0.001, (Equation is included in full-text article.)= 0.32), and rate of force development (F1,35 = 12.89, p = 0.001, (Equation is included in full-text article.)= 0.27) during the isometric clean pull assessment when participants maximally clenched their jaw, regardless of mouthpiece condition. There were no statistically significant differences in jump height, peak force, normalized peak force, or rate of force development during the vertical jump for any treatment condition. This study supports previous research demonstrating that the implementation of remote voluntary contractions such as jaw clenching can lead to concurrent activation potentiation and a resulting ergogenic effect during activities involving and requiring high-force production.Item Metadata only The Effects of Various Weighted Implements on Baseball Swing Kinematics in Collegiate Baseball Players(National Strength & Conditioning Association, 2019-05) Williams, Charles C.; Gdovin, Jacob R.; Wilson, Samuel J.; Cazas-Moreno, Vanessa L.; Eason, John D.; Hoke, Elizabeth L.; Allen, Charles R.; Wade, Chip; Garner, John C.The effects of various weighted implements on baseball swing kinematics in collegiate baseball players. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1347-1353, 2019-The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different warm-up (WU) devices on bat swing parameters including maximal resultant velocity (MRV), resultant velocity at ball contact (RVBC), time difference between MRV and RVBC, bat angle at MRV, bat angle at RVBC, and perceptual differences of each WU implement used by National Collegiate Athletic Association Division-I baseball players. Fifteen varsity baseball players completed 1 experimental session during fall training. Retroreflective markers were placed on the bat and tee to measure basic bat kinematics during the swing. Participants completed a general calisthenics WU before being counter-balanced into 1 of 4 WU conditions: standard bat (SB) (33 in/30 oz), fungo (10.6 oz), weighted gloves with SB (weighted gloves) (55.6 oz) and donut with SB (donut) (55.6 oz). Each participant was asked to perform their normal on-deck routine over a 2- minute period, finishing with 5 practice swings with the designated condition. After completion of the WU, a 1 -minute rest period (simulating normal game conditions) was given to allow each participant to get set to perform 5 maximal swings with a SB. Five, 1 X 4 (group X condition) repeated measures analysis of variance examined the aforementioned variables. There were no significant differences in MRV, RVBC, time difference between MRV and RVBC, and bat angle at MRV and RVBC between all WU conditions. If presented with the current options, athletes should choose the WU implement with which they are most comfortable using before an at-bat situation. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHORItem Metadata only The effects of various weighted implements on baseball swing kinematics in collegiate baseball players(Wolters Kluwer, 2019) Williams, Charles C.; Gdovin, Jacob R.; Wilson, Samuel J.; Cazas-Moreno, Vanessa L.; Eason, John D.; Hoke, Elizabeth L.; Allen, Charles R.; Wade, Chip; Garner, John C.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different warm-up (WU) devices on bat swing parameters including maximal resultant velocity (MRV), resultant velocity at ball contact (RVBC), time difference between MRV and RVBC, bat angle at MRV, bat angle at RVBC, and perceptual differences of each WU implement used by National Collegiate Athletic Association Division-I baseball players. Fifteen varsity baseball players completed 1 experimental session during fall training. Retroreflective markers were placed on the bat and tee to measure basic bat kinematics during the swing. Participants completed a general calisthenics WU before being counter-balanced into 1 of 4 WU conditions: Standard bat (SB) (33 in/30 oz), fungo (10.6 oz), weighted gloves with SB (weighted gloves) (55.6 oz) and donut with SB (donut) (55.6 oz). Each participant was asked to perform their normal on-deck routine over a 2-minute period, finishing with 5 practice swings with the designated condition. After completion of the WU, a 1-minute rest period (simulating normal game conditions) was given to allow each participant to get set to perform 5 maximal swings with a SB. Five, 1 × 4 (group × condition) repeated measures analysis of variance examined the aforementioned variables. There were no significant differences in MRV, RVBC, time difference between MRV and RVBC, and bat angle at MRV and RVBC between all WU conditions. If presented with the current options, athletes should choose the WU implement with which they are most comfortable using before an at-bat situation.Item Metadata only Exploring Nonoperative Exercise Interventions for Individuals with Femoroacetabular Impingement(American College of Sports Medicine, 2019-01) Terrell, Sara Lynn; Lynch, James M.APPLY IT!Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is characterized by pathologic contact during hip range of motion, with aggravating movements most noted in hip flexion, adduction, and internal rotation. Hip impingement diagnoses and surgeries are becoming an increasingly prevalent concern with todayʼs athletes and general population. Exploration of nonoperative exercise interventions is warranted. Exercise professionals can safely improve postural alignment, core stabilization, gluteal activation, and range of motion in individuals with FAI.Morphological correction and prevention of hip osteoarthritis are often primary reasons to support arthroscopy for individuals with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). However, exploration of nonsurgical approaches such as exercise intervention focused on postural alignment, core stabilization, and gluteal activation may improve motor control and hip stabilization strength and provide a nonoperative alternative to surgery.Item Metadata only Exploring Training Strategies to Optimize Court Performance in Older Pickleball Athletes(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, WK Health, 2023) Terrell, Sara Lynn; Ficquette, PrestonPickleball is one of the fastest growing racket sports in the United States because of its high social engagement and ability to facilitate physical and emotional well-being. Although participation trends indicate the sport appeals to an array of ages and abilities, the highest purported participant demographic is 55 years and older. In spite of its rising popularity, there is limited strength and conditioning research exploring training strategies for pickleball athletes. Therefore, this article details how pickleball is played, the sport's movement and physiological demands, and injury risks. An example training program targeting the older pickleball athlete is provided.Item Metadata only Femoroacetabular Impingement: Why Movement Literacy Matters.(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2019-12) Terrell, Sara Lynn; Lynch, James M.Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is characterized by pathologic contact during hip range of motion. Morphological variations of FAI present as either an acetabular overcoverage (PINCERFAI), spherical femoral deformity (CAM FAI), or both. Such morphological changes often elicit discomfort with aggravating movements most noted in hip flexion, adduction, and internal rotation (FADIR). Etiology of the CAM deformity may be linked to force loads experienced during formative bone growth periods in youth and adolescent athletes. Continued exploration of CAM FAI etiology may provide evidence for strength and conditioning professionals to carefully consider exercise training selection to promote movement literacy in youth populations. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHORItem Open Access Functional movement screening and paddle-sport performance(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2017-06) Hatchett, Andrew; Allen, Charles R.; St. Hilaire, Jake; LaRochelle, AlexThe purpose of the study reported here was to determine the relationship between an endurance paddle-sport athlete’s total functional movement screening (FMS) score and individual race performance. Fifty elite level endurance canoeists and kayakers completed the seven-stage FMS protocol prior to the 2016 United States Canoe and Kayak Association National Championship race. Time taken to finish the race was then associated to overall FMS score and respective sub-scores. Total FMS score and various sub-scores were significantly related to race performance. Female and male athletes differed in which sub-scores were shown to be significantly correlated to finishing time. Outcomes from this study indicate that limitations in functional movement are related to endurance paddle-sport race performance.Item Metadata only Functional Movement Screening and Paddle-Sport Performance.(MDPI, 2017) Hatchett, Andrew; Allen, Charles R.; Hilaire, Jake St.; LaRochelle, AlexThe purpose of the study reported here was to determine the relationship between an endurance paddle-sport athlete’s total functional movement screening (FMS) score and individual race performance. Fifty elite level endurance canoeists and kayakers completed the seven-stage FMS protocol prior to the 2016 United States Canoe and Kayak Association National Championship race. Time taken to finish the race was then associated to overall FMS score and respective sub-scores. Total FMS score and various sub-scores were significantly related to race performance. Female and male athletes differed in which sub-scores were shown to be significantly correlated to finishing time. Outcomes from this study indicate that limitations in functional movement are related to endurance paddle-sport race performance. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHORItem Metadata only Hemodynamic response and pulse wave analysis after upper- and lower-body resistance exercise with and without blood flow restriction(Routledge/Taylor & Francis, 2021-10) Tai, Yu L.; Marshall, Erica M.; Parks, Jason C.; Kingsley, J. DerekResistance exercise (RE) has been shown to elevate hemodynamics and pulse wave reflection. However, the effects of acute RE with blood flow restriction (BFR) on hemodynamics and pulse wave reflection are unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences between upper- and lower-body RE with and without BFR on hemodynamics and pulse wave reflection. Twenty-three young resistance-trained individuals volunteered for the study. Hemodynamics and pulse wave reflection were assessed at rest, 10, 25, 40, and 55 min after either upper- or lower-body with or without BFR. The upper-body RE (URE) consisted of the latissimus dorsi pulldown and chest press; the lower-body RE (LRE) consisted of knee extension and knee flexion. The BFR condition consisted of four sets of 30, 15, 15, and 15 repetitions at 30% 1-repetition maximum (1RM) while the without BFR condition consisted of four sets of 8 repetitions at 70% 1RM. Heart rate, rate pressure product, and subendocardial viability ratio significantly (p < 0.05) increased after all exercises. Brachial and aortic systolic blood pressure (BP) significantly (p < 0.05) elevated after LRE while brachial and aortic diastolic BP significantly (p < 0.05) reduced after URE. Augmentation pressure, augmentation index (AIx), AIx normalized at 75 bpm, and wasted left ventricular pressure energy significantly (p < 0.05) increased after URE while transit time of reflected wave significantly (p < 0.05) decreased after LRE. URE places greater stress on pulse wave reflection while LRE results in greater responses in BP. Regardless of URE or LRE, the cardiovascular responses between BFR and without BFR are similar.HIGHLIGHTS High-load resistance exercise and low-load resistance exercise with blood flow restriction may produce similar cardiovascular responses.Upper-body resistance exercise generates greater changes on pulse wave reflections while lower-body resistance exercise induces greater elevations in systolic blood pressure.Item Metadata only The impact of health education on physical activity correlates in college students.(Taylor & Francis, 2021-01-24) Maldari, Monica M.; Garcia, Jeanette M.; Rice, David J.Abstract Objective To examine the effects of a 15-week, conceptually based university health/wellness course on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels, psychosocial factors, and health-related fitness knowledge (HRFK). Participants: 125 undergraduates enrolled during spring 2016 semester. Methods: Participants completed pre- and post-course surveys with questions on MVPA levels, exercise self-efficacy (SE), exercise motivation, and HRFK. Wilcoxon rank sum tests examined changes in SE, motivation, and HFRK. A multiple regression analysis examined associations among HRFK, psychosocial factors, and MVPA. Results: HRFK and MVPA increased from baseline to post-course assessment (p<.01). An increase in SE was associated with an increase in MVPA (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Enrollment in a conceptually based health/wellness course may increase MVPA and HRFK in college students. Although the increase in SE post-course was not significant, it was associated with an increase in MVPA. These results support adoption of health/wellness programming to attenuate decreases in MVPA typically observed in college students. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)Item Metadata only Implementation Fidelity of a Mindfulness-Based Yoga Program for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Families: a Pilot Study(Springer International Publishing, 2019) Garcia, Jeanette M.; Baker, Kayla; Diaz, Morgan R.; Tucker, Jennifer E.; Kelchner, Viki P.; Rice, David J. (Florida Southern College Student)Families with children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may benefit from mindfulness-based interventions; however, few studies have examined such programs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to demonstrate the implementation fidelity of a mindfulness-based yoga program for children with ASD and their families. Eight children and their families participated in separate, concurrent yoga sessions of identical curriculum. Implementation fidelity was assessed through observations and participant/instructor interviews. The study showed a high degree of implementation fidelity with standardized curriculum instruction, positive responsiveness from participants, and unique aspects of program differentiation. Results indicate that a mindfulness-based yoga program, providing separate sessions for both children and their families, may be especially beneficial to the entire family and enhance family relationships.