Criminology
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This collection includes scholarly output from both faculty and students in Criminology.
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Item “As Seen on TV:” The Relationship between Media, Demographics, and Perceptions of Campus Safety(North American Journal of Psychology, 2018) O'Donnell, Cullen T.; Carter, Lisa M.; Goodmon, Leilani B.; Zunic, Destiny; Smith, Caitlin; Parisi, A.Item College Students and Service Learning: Does Aiding At-Risk Youth Invoke Change?(2016-03-24) Wathen, Alec Ford; Blankenship, Chastity; Carter, Lisa M.Service learning is a concept that has been gaining traction in colleges across the country. Though there is no single definition, most service learning concepts involve volunteer work outside of the classroom and then reflecting on those experiences, whether in writing or in oral discussion after the volunteering takes place. Our study, which is still in progress, includes students in a criminological theory class taking part in a service-learning project aiding at risk youth. These students took a survey prior to taking part in the project, which helped researchers gauge the student’s feelings toward volunteering, feelings toward classroom learning, and self-confidence. After taking part in the project, students will take a post-test to gauge their feelings towards the project and any attitude changes they may have undergone. The researchers hope that results of the study show a significant change in self-confidence, and attitudes toward volunteering after students take part in the service learning project.Item The decision-making network : an introduction to criminal justice(Carolina Academic Press, 2018) Slate, Risdon N.; Anderson, Patrick R.; Carter, Lisa M.Item The Decision-making Network: An Introduction to Criminal Justice(Carolina Academic Press, 2011) Anderson, Patrick R.; Slate, Risdon N.Item Doing Justice for Mental Illness and Federal Probation and Pretrial Services Officers as Mental Health Specialists(Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, 2003-12) Slate, Risdon N.; Roskes, Erik; Feldman, Richard; Baerga, MigdaliaMental health problems are notably common among correctional populations, including community corrections populations. The attthors analyze breakdowns of mental illness in these populations and the treatment in prison before focussing on the peculiar problems of supervising defendants and offenders suffering from mental illness. They emphasize the challenges and benefits of collaborations with therapeutic resources in the community. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]Item The Effects of Media Type on Concealed Carry Perceptions on College Campuses(2016-03-31) Zunic, Destiny; O'Donnell, Cullen T.; Smith, Caitlin; Goodmon, Leilani B.; Carter, Lisa M.Item The effects of victim gender identity, juror gender, and judicial instructions on victim blaming, crime severity ratings, and verdicts in sexual assault trials(Taylor & Francis, 2022-02-18) Carter, Lisa M.; Goodmon, Leilani B.; Urs, Medhini; Rutledge-Jukes, HeathTransgender individuals may experience social discrimination and unfair legal considerations as crime victims. The current purpose was to investigate the relationship between the participant/jurors’ gender, the victims’ gender identity, and judge’s instructions to ignore the gender identity of the victim on perceptions of the victim and the crime and verdicts rendered in a sexual assault case. Overall, crime severity ratings were significantly lower for the trans male victim compared to the cisgender female victim. Male participants reported lower crime severity ratings for trials involving transgender victims compared to cisgender victims. However, victim blaming, likelihood that the defendant committed the crime, sentencing recommendations, verdict confidence, and conviction rates did not vary by the victim’s gender identity, the participant’s gender identity, nor the judge’s instructions. Participant gender as a predictor of verdict approached significance, indicating a trend for males to render more not guilty verdicts and females to render more guilty verdicts. In summary, male jurors perceived the crimes involving transgender victims as less severe and this may have impacted the rate of not guilty verdicts.Item Embedding and Assessing Service-Learning in a Learning Community(2017-10-20) Blankenship, Chastity; Carter, Lisa M.; LoCasto, SydneyBecause Learning Communities emphasize collaborative, integrative learning, they are an excellent site for embedding service-learning projects. Additionally, service-learning in the context of a learning community can help to bridge a number of divides, such as those between people of different backgrounds or the “town-gown” divide. The facilitators will discuss how they planned and implemented a service-learning project and go deeply into several different forms of assessment, which they are currently using to better understand student outcomes after participating in a service learning project. They will also discuss tips to help with the Institutional Review Board (IRB) process. This workshop will also include a student presenter who will share her experience in the program and data analysis of the project.Item Factors Influencing Federal and State Probation Officer Turnover Intention(Corrections: Policy, Practice and Research, 2016-10) Blankenship, Chastity; Slate, Risdon N.Stress among criminal justice professionals is generally associated with turnover intention. This study uses survey data from over 700 state and federal probation officers from the same southern jurisdiction to explore factors significantly related to turnover intention. Pearson correlation and a structural model reveal significant relationships between a variety of variables such as the agency where a probation officer works, perceptions of participation in workplace decision making, job satisfaction, and physical stress as predictors of turnover intention. The results support the importance of job satisfaction, participatory management, positive work environment and physical stress as factors related to turnover intention.Item The federal witness protection program: Its evolution and continuing growing pains(aylor & Francis Group, 1997) Slate, Risdon N.The history of the Federal Witness Security Program, commonly called the Witness Protection Program, is recounted. The operations of the program since its inception in 1970 have grown beyond anyone's wildest speculations.Item Female offenders and reentry : pathways and barriers to returning to society(Abingdon, Oxon, 2017) Carter, Lisa M.; Marcum, Catherine D.Item From the jailhouse to capitol hill: Impacting mental health court legislation and defining what constitutes a mental health court(Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, 2003) Slate, Risdon N.This article examines congressional testimony preceding the passage of legislation authorizing federal funds for mental health courts and makes the case for the importance of anecdotal evidence in the process. The magnitude of persons with mental illness in the criminal justice system is considered, as well as factors that have led to the criminalization of this population. The concept of therapeutic jurisprudence is discussed, and commonalities in the emergence of mental health courts and methods of supervision are examined. Areas of concern are addressed, and mental health courts are advocated as a commonsense approach to diverting persons with mental illness from the criminal justice system and ensuring linkages to treatment.Item The future of community corrections is now: Stop dreaming and take action(Sage Publications, Inc., 2012) Lutze, Faith E.; Johnson, W. Wesley; Clear, Todd R.; Latessa, Edward J.; Slate, Risdon N.The political, economic, and social context in which community corrections functions makes it extremely difficult to achieve successful outcomes. The current fiscal crisis, however, is forcing change as many states can no longer support the cost of our 30-year imprisonment binge. As in the past, community corrections will be expected to pick up the pieces of an overcrowded and expensive prison system. The authors argue that community corrections is capable of taking on this challenge and can be successful if policy makers take action to reduce prison and community supervision populations, ensure that agencies are structured to proactively support evidence-based practice, and recognize corrections as a human services profession. The authors present a number of actions that can be taken to promote a new era of shared responsibility in corrections that is framed within a human rights perspective and driven by an ethic of care.Item Gender Matters Differences in State Probation Officer Stress(Sage Publications, 2006) Wells, Terry L.; Colbert, Sharla S.; Slate, Risdon N.The causes of stress for criminal justice practitioners, including probation officers, can generally be categorized into four areas: internal to the organization, external to the organization, the job or task itself, or personal in nature. Historically, criminal justice agencies have been characterized as male-dominated organizations. However, the presence of females in the criminal justice arena is growing, as evidenced in this project. The purpose of this analysis is to examine female and male perceptions of stress among what has been a predominately male-occupied position, probation officers. Overall, the findings suggest that female probation officers exhibit greater signs of physical stress yet, remarkably, reflect lower levels of occupational stress in the study at hand. With the limitations of this study in mind, prospects for further research are delineated.Item Health Coverage for People in the Justice System: The Potential Impact of Obamacare(Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, 2014-09) Slate, Risdon N.; Usher, LauraIndividuals and families with incomes between 133 and 400 percent of FPL will be eligible for financial assistance to help them purchase private health insurance coverage through health exchanges recently established in every state (Cardwell & Gilmore, 2012).2 For example, based on the year 2013 figures, the 133 percent FPL for an individual was set at $15,281.70 and at $31,321.50 for a family of four (Poverty Guidelines, 2013). Expansion of Medicaid Could Provide Significant Benefit to the Criminal Justice System The expansion of Medicaid is significant for the criminal justice system because an estimated 90 percent of persons entering jails in America today do not have any health insurance, with health care costs primarily incurred by states and counties (Hamblin & Heiss, 2013).Item In and Out of “The Lifestyle”: Theoretical Explanations for Female Offending and Desistance From Crime(Violence and Victims, 2022-10-01) Carter, Lisa M.This qualitative study of theoretical frameworks was conducted to explain criminal offending and attitudes towards desistance from crime for a sample of 26 women reintegrating back into society after incarceration. Theoretical pathways and desistance theories were used to provide themes for analyzing in depth interviews, journal entries written by the study’s participants, and halfway house records. Pathways and desistance perspectives suggest that gendered pathways can explain how women are led into criminal lifestyles, as well as how their criminality may come to an end. Distinct gender-specific policy implications and programs, as well as directions for future research, are also discussed. © 2022 Springer Publishing Company.Item Introduction(Routledge, 2017) Carter, Lisa M.; Marcum, Catherine D.Item Introduction (Editorial)(Taylor & Francis, 2017) Marcum, Catherine D.; Carter, Lisa M.This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book examines the reentry process for a special group of offenders: females. It discusses how lack of dependable transportation—an issue experienced by a large majority of female offenders due to low income and geographic barriers—affects the ability to gain employment, attend required meetings and treatments, and other daily life affiliations. The book addresses the physical needs specifically affiliated with the female and how lack of medical treatment during incarceration, and living in an unhealthy environment, can negatively impact health after release. It explains an issue unique to females: reproductive and gynecological needs. The book also discusses the difficulty maintaining family bonds during incarceration due to visitations issues and placement of children, and the challenges females meet when attempting to reunite with family members and children during reentry.Item It Relates to My Everyday Life.’ Critical Pedagogy and Student Explanations of Interest in Sociology Course Topics(Center for Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities University of North Georgia, 2016) Mauldin, Mindy R.; O'Donnell, Cullen T.; Blankenship, Chastity; Bates, JeremieWe applied critical pedagogy in the college classroom by asking students what topics they would want covered in their Introduction to Sociology courses if they were given the power to decide. Students were also asked to explain why they were interested, and uninterested, in learning about the topics they chose from our questionnaire. Survey data was collected from 191 students at a southeastern community college; the majority were not sociology majors. Overall, students were the most interested in learning about culture, deviance, race, and gender issues. Students were the least interested in learning about topics concerning urbanization and the economy. We found that students are typically interested in topics that are related to general curiosities or are applicable to the students’ personal lives or future careers. However, students were vaguer in their responses regarding why they were uninterested in learning about particular sociological topics; most students claimed that they were simply “just uninterested.” These results support the claim that a student’s desire to learn material is guided by how personally invested he or she is in the topic. By implementing a critical pedagogical teaching approach in the classroom, professors could increase student interest, thus fostering more successful and satisfied students.Item Knowledge and Perceptions of the Death Penalty: Examining the Marshall Hypothesis(2017-04-14) Hearthstone-Leroux, Kaitlin Marie; Carter, Lisa M.; Blankenship, ChastityThe Marshall Hypothesis suggests that ignorance of the death penalty is correlated with support for its use unless an individual views capital punishment’s purpose as retribution for a crime. The researchers of this study were interested to see if students that take courses in which capital punishment is discussed, (i.e. criminology majors and minors) would be more knowledgeable and less likely to support the death penalty. Participating students completed a questionnaire testing their knowledge of the death penalty and their attitudes toward its use. Overall, students were more likely to support the death penalty and results also suggest students view its use as retribution for particularly heinous crimes.